Cell Death Dis|Tianyan Gao团队指出内质网应激诱导的PHLPP下调可促进结肠癌eIF2α磷酸化和化疗耐药

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众所周知,外在和内在因素对内质网应激(ERS)的异常激活均有助于肿瘤发生和各种癌症的化疗抵抗,研究团队的前期结果表明,下调PHLPP(一种新型Ser/Thr蛋白磷酸酶家族)促进了肿瘤的发生和发展。2021年10月18日,美国肯塔基大学分子和细胞生物化学系Tianyan Gao团队在Cell Death and Disease上发表了题为“Downregulation of PHLPP induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes eIF2α phosphorylation and chemoresistance in colon cancer”的研究论文。在本研究中,团队以其前期研究为基础,继续研究了结肠癌(CC)中ERS和PHLPP表达之间的功能相互作用,研究结果证明,ERS是触发PHLPP下调的新机制,PHLPP缺失可通过上调CC细胞中eIF2α/ATF4信号通路来促进化学抗性。
PHLPP磷酸酶家族由PHLPP1和PHLPP2亚型组成,许多研究支持其通过抑制多种致癌信号通路在CC发生发展中发挥多效作用,即PHLPP表达与恶性肿瘤生存强相关。尽管PHLPP介导的AKT信号传导调节经常被认为是主要的潜在机制,但PHLPP缺失如何为癌细胞提供生存优势,尤其是在应激条件下,仍然难以捉摸。化疗药物治疗通常会引起ERS,eIF2α的Ser51(S51)上可逆磷酸化是响应ERS而激活的高度保守的调节事件,已知eIF2α/ATF4信号轴的激活在自噬的诱导中起关键作用,这有助于化学抗性的发展。基于以上原理,团队以免疫学手段及分子生物学手段检测了体外处理HCT116和SW480细胞中的相关因子的改变,结果发现,首先,ERS可通过蛋白酶体依赖性机制显著降低PHLPP蛋白的表达;其次,PHLPP的敲低增加了eIF2α的磷酸化以及eIF2α/ATF4信号通路下游的自噬相关基因的表达;此外,免疫沉淀实验的结果表明,PHLPP可与eIF2α相互作用,并且这种相互作用可被ERS所增强。从功能上讲,敲低PHLPP后,提高了ERS条件下的细胞存活率,而抗降解突变体PHLPP1的过表达则具有相反的效果。
总之,团队的研究结果表明ERS是导致CC中PHLPP下调的新机制。PHLPP在协调细胞应激信号下游的多种促生存反应中起着关键作用,其表达水平可用于预测抗癌药物的有效性。
《Cell Death Dis|Tianyan Gao团队指出内质网应激诱导的PHLPP下调可促进结肠癌eIF2α磷酸化和化疗耐药》
图 本文图形摘要示意图。ERS通过蛋白酶体依赖的机制刺激PHLPP降解,PHLPP的下调后,可增强eIf2α磷酸化和ATF4介导的自噬激活,从而促进综合应激反应,即PHLPP缺失是CC化疗耐药的一种新机制。

期刊及DOI号

Cell Death Dis. 2021 Oct 18. 
doi: 10.1038/s41419-021-04251-0.
题目

Downregulation of PHLPP induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes eIF2α phosphorylation and chemoresistance in colon cancer

摘要

Aberrant activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by extrinsic and intrinsic factors contributes to tumorigenesis and resistance to chemotherapies in various cancer types. Our previous studies have shown that the downregulation of PHLPP, a novel family of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases, promotes tumor initiation, and progression. Here we investigated the functional interaction between the ER stress and PHLPP expression in colon cancer. We found that induction of ER stress significantly decreased the expression of PHLPP proteins through a proteasome-dependent mechanism. Knockdown of PHLPP increased the phosphorylation of eIF2α as well as the expression of autophagy-associated genes downstream of the eIF2α/ATF4 signaling pathway. In addition, results from immunoprecipitation experiments showed that PHLPP interacted with eIF2α and this interaction was enhanced by ER stress. Functionally, knockdown of PHLPP improved cell survival under ER stress conditions, whereas overexpression of a degradation-resistant mutant PHLPP1 had the opposite effect. Taken together, our studies identified ER stress as a novel mechanism that triggers PHLPP downregulation; and PHLPP-loss promotes chemoresistance by upregulating the eIF2α/ATF4 signaling axis in colon cancer cells.

《Cell Death Dis|Tianyan Gao团队指出内质网应激诱导的PHLPP下调可促进结肠癌eIF2α磷酸化和化疗耐药》

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