Cancer Metastasis Rev|Freddi Lewin团队综述了癌症患者睡眠、昼夜节律和代谢间复杂的相互作用

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睡眠质量和/或持续长时间的睡眠不足可导致体内严重且复杂的生理适应不良,通常称为昼夜节律紊乱,目前,已成为致癌因素以及癌症患者治疗效果不佳、生存期缩短和生活质量降低的原因。由于癌症患者的睡眠和昼夜节律生理学跨越多个学科,包括护理科学、神经病学、肿瘤学、分子生物学和医学技术,因此缺乏全面和综合的方法来处理这一日益严重的问题。2021年12月27日,瑞典林雪平大学临床与实验医学系Freddi Lewin团队在Cancer and Metastasis Reviews上发表了题为“A multidisciplinary perspective on the complex interactions between sleep, circadian, and metabolic disruption in cancer patients”的综述性论文。在本文中,团队采用多学科方法全面审查癌症患者睡眠和昼夜节律紊乱的诊断和影响。首先,讨论了最近在健康和恶性细胞中生物钟的分子调节、控制睡眠和昼夜节律的神经和内分泌途径及其对生物体的输入和输出的发现。其次,分析了用于评估睡眠和昼夜节律功能的各种技术、设备和仪器的优缺点,睡眠中断的已知后果以及如何纠正癌症患者的睡眠。最后,在整篇综述中强调了睡眠、昼夜节律、参与恶性肿瘤的代谢途径,确定当前解决癌症患者睡眠和昼夜节律紊乱问题的知识差距和障碍。
睡眠中断导致的昼夜节律功能障碍通常可根据五个主要标准进行分类(图1),详情如下:
(1)行为睡眠中断,也称为社交时差,是由于从白天到晚上的活跃期的社交或职业转变所致,反之亦然,或由于例如酒精或物质(滥用)使用而导致的夜间睡眠质量差;
(2)跨越多个时区而引起的频繁时差;
(3)焦虑、噪音或光污染,或其他与身心不安有关的原因引起的失眠;
(4)疼痛、恶心或其他类型的非心理不适;
(5)参与昼夜节律或睡眠的基因的遗传破坏。
《Cancer Metastasis Rev|Freddi Lewin团队综述了癌症患者睡眠、昼夜节律和代谢间复杂的相互作用》
图1 癌症患者睡眠中断恶性循环示意图。

在所有这些情况下,睡眠中断所致的生物钟失调,导致生物体无法维持关键生物功能的昼夜节律,包括新陈代谢、血管生成、免疫、DNA修复和细胞周期调节,所有这些都是当今癌症最重要的风险因素之一。研究发现,与一般人群相比,癌症患者睡眠中断的发生率至少高出三倍,其中乳腺癌患者的风险尤其高;同时,癌症患者的睡眠中断与预后不良和治疗失败密切相关。总之,癌症可能会直接影响控制睡眠的系统,也可通过其他机制间接影响睡眠,例如焦虑、疼痛和恶心(图1)。
研究指出,下丘脑视交叉上核和外周生物钟控制的生理和行为节律性振荡可导致抗癌药物的药代动力学和药效学发生昼夜节律改变,其在分子水平上由一个相对简单的负转录-翻译反馈回路构成,其中转录激活因子Bmal1、Npas2和Clock被Period和Cryptochrome家族转录抑制因子抑制(图2)。
《Cancer Metastasis Rev|Freddi Lewin团队综述了癌症患者睡眠、昼夜节律和代谢间复杂的相互作用》
图2 癌细胞昼夜节律和代谢示意图。

最后,为了衡量癌症患者的睡眠障碍及其对生活质量的影响,通常使用经过验证的量表来衡量患者体验,包括匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQi)、欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(EORT)生活质量问卷(EORTC-QLQ-C30)、医疗结果研究(MOS)、睡眠问卷(FOSQ)、早晚问卷(MEQ)、慕尼黑时间型问卷(MCTQ)、睡眠时间问卷(STQ)、Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)、斯坦福嗜睡量表(SSS)、失眠严重度指数(ISI)。
期刊及DOI号

Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2021 Dec 27. 

doi: 10.1007/s10555-021-10010-6.

题目

A multidisciplinary perspective on the complex interactions between sleep, circadian, and metabolic disruption in cancer patients
摘要

Sleep is a basic need that is frequently set aside in modern societies. This leads to profound but complex physiological maladaptations in the body commonly referred to as circadian disruption, which recently has been characterized as a carcinogenic factor and reason for poor treatment outcomes, shortened survival, and reduced quality of life in cancer patients. As sleep and circadian physiology in cancer patients spans several disciplines including nursing science, neurology, oncology, molecular biology and medical technology, there is a lack of comprehensive and integrated approaches to deal with this serious and growing issue and at best a fractionated understanding of only part of the problem among researchers within each of these segments. Here, we take a multidisciplinary approach to comprehensively review the diagnosis and impact of sleep and circadian disruption in cancer patients. We discuss recent discoveries on molecular regulation of the circadian clock in healthy and malignant cells, the neurological and endocrine pathways controlling sleep and circadian rhythmicity, and their inputs to and outputs from the organism. The benefits and drawbacks of the various technologies, devices, and instruments used to assess sleep and circadian function, as well as the known consequences of sleep disruption and how sleep can be corrected in cancer patients, will be analyzed. We will throughout the review highlight the extensive crosstalk between sleep, circadian rhythms, and metabolic pathways involved in malignancy and identify current knowledge gaps and barriers for addressing the issue of sleep and circadian disruption in cancer patients. By addressing these issues, we hope to provide a foundation for further research as well as better and more effective care for the patients in the future.

《Cancer Metastasis Rev|Freddi Lewin团队综述了癌症患者睡眠、昼夜节律和代谢间复杂的相互作用》

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